- Ad Hominem (300) - Attacking the person making an argument rather than addressing the substance of the argument itself.
- Appeal to Authority (301) - Using the endorsement of an authority figure as evidence to support a claim.
- Appeal to Emotion (302) - Manipulating emotions to sway opinions or support an argument, often without factual basis.
- Appeal to Ignorance (303) - Arguing that a proposition is true because it has not been proven false, or vice versa.
- Appeal to Pity (304) - Evoking pity or sympathy to support an argument, often unrelated to the issue being discussed.
- Bandwagon Fallacy (Argumentum Ad Populum) (305) - Arguing that something is true or right because many people believe it or do it.
- Base Rate Fallacy (306) - Ignoring general probabilities or base rates when specific information is presented.
- Black and White Fallacy (307) - Presenting a complex issue as only two opposing options, ignoring nuances or middle ground.
- Causal Fallacy (308) - Incorrectly assuming that because two events occur together, one must cause the other.
- Circular Argument (309) - Restating the argument rather than providing evidence or reasoning, leading to a logical loop.
- Conjuntion Fallacy (310) - Assuming that the conjunction of two events is more probable than one of the events alone.
- Equivocation (311) - Using ambiguous language to conceal the truth or avoid committing to a specific position.
- False Dilemma (312) - Presenting only two options or outcomes when there are actually more possibilities.
- Hasty Generalization (313) - Drawing a conclusion based on insufficient or biased evidence, without considering alternative viewpoints.
- Hot-Hand Fallacy (314) - Believing that a person who has experienced success in the past has a higher chance of success in the future.
- Monte Carlo Fallacy (315) - Believing that past outcomes in random processes affect future outcomes, also known as the gambler's fallacy.
- Non Sequitor (316) - Drawing a conclusion that does not logically follow from the premises or evidence presented.
- Red Herring Fallacy (317) - Introducing irrelevant information to distract from the main issue or argument.
- Slippery Slope (318) - Arguing that a small action will lead to a chain of events culminating in a significant, usually negative, outcome.
- Strawman Fallacy (319) - Misrepresenting or exaggerating an opponent's argument to make it easier to attack or refute.
- Sunk Cost Fallacy (320) - Continuing an endeavor or investment because of previously invested resources, despite no prospect of success.
- Texas Sharpshooter Fallacy (321) - Cherry-picking data after the fact to fit a pre-existing narrative or conclusion.
- Tu Quoque (322) - Dismissing an argument or criticism by pointing out that the opponent does the same thing.